p. 170

The American Speech and Hearing Association has defined communication disorders as the inabilities of individuals to ______________ or ________________________

____ the _________ and _____________________________ of society.

Two broad classifications of communication disorders are:

1.

2.

A language disorder is characterized by the inability to use the __________ of language through:

a.

b.

c.

A speech disorder is characterized by difficulty in:

a.

b.

c.

p. 171

_________________ disorders are the most numerous of all speech disorders, playing a part in 60 - 75 % of all communication disorders. They are sometimes called _______________________ disorders.

Individuals who have articulation disorders have difficulty ______________

________________________________ clearly. They may ______________

one sound ____________________, ________ sounds, and/or ______________

sounds.

Individuals who have _____________ disorders have disturbances or disruptions in the _____________________________ and __________________________ of their speech that are ________________________________________or

_________________________ level.

What is an interjection?

What is a broken word?

What is audible or silent blocking?

What is a circumlocution?

According to your classroom lecture (and not in the text), what three reasons did Lee Anna give for why music helps decrease stuttering?

1.

2.

3.

Individuals who have voice disorders have problems with vocal __________,

vocal __________, or vocal ______________ or ________________.

Individuals who have speech that is overly __________, ____________,

______________, or ______________ have problems involving vocal quality.

Individuals who have problems with vocal pitch have speech that is ________________________ or ___________ than is standard for their ____ or ____ or speak in a _______________________ or have ___________ in their voice.

Individuals who have problems with vocal loudness or intensity speak ______________________ or _______________ or may __________

their voice.

With what problem is chronic laryngitis associated?

Children who exhibit a __________________________ in developing language skills necessary to _______________________________________________ are said to have delayed language.

_________________ language disorders involve an impaired ability to understand language.

_____________ language disorders involve problems using speech/language to communicate meaning or problems using age-appropriate language and speech patterns.

p. 172

Auditory processing difficulties involve problems ________________________,

___________________, or _____________________ certain sounds.

Children who have receptive language disorders have difficulties ________________

___________________________________ or __________________.

What label would you assign to a child who exhibits the following characteristics?

    limited amount of speech, limited vocabulary, simplified and limited varieties of grammatical structures, limited variety of sentence types, difficulty recalling words, difficulty learning new words, word-finding or vocabulary errors, mixing up order of letters in  words (e.g.,  saying "aminal" instead of "animal"), unusual word order in sentences, omission of critical parts of sentences

A lesion in Wernicke's area of the brain causes deficits in a person's ability to __________________________ or ____________ language. This type of aphasia is called Wernicke's or ____________ aphasia.

A lesion in the Broca's area of the brain causes deficits in a person's ability to _______________________. This type of aphasia is called Broca's aphasia or _________________ aphasia.

Individuals who are unable to find the proper words to communicate their intended messages or who produce fluent but nonsensical speech would be given the diagnostic label of _________________________.

Individuals who have problems retrieving words to name objects or express ideas or who have difficulties when trying to combine words into phrases or make sentences would be given the diagnostic label of _____________________________.

What causes apraxia? damage to ______________________________

What impairment results?

What label is given to a person who knows what he/she wants to say but cannot remember how to make oral muscles produce the correct sounds?

What causes dysarthria? damage to _____________________________________
________________________

What impairments result?

______________________ speech is characterized by limited verbal intelligibility, vocal intensity, and vocal range, as well as abnormal speech rates.

p. 173

Cleft palate occurs when the __________________________________________

fail to ____________. The speech of individuals with cleft palate is characterized by __________________________, ___________________________, and

____________________________________.

When cerebral palsy affects the motor control centers that govern the muscles for speech and/or breathing and breath control, individuals may have _____________________, _________________, and/or __________ disorders.

Persons with hearing impairments may have speech and language difficulties, including these problems:

delayed ________________________, various ________, _____________, and

_____________________ disorders

p. 174

What purpose does augmentative communication serve?

p. 174 - 175

Your text describes three types of alternate or augmentative communication systems available:

1.

2.

3.

p. 175

Incentives for early intervention programs to address the needs of children from birth through age 2 who have communication disorders are provided by Public Law ______________ of 1986.

Individuals who acquire speech or language impairments later in life may benefit from the services of speech and language pathologists to help them learn to:

__________________________________ and/or to develop effective

_________________________________  to help ______________

____________________and _____________________ with their peers and families

p. 176

How are speech and song similar?

According to Coleman, McNairn, and Shioleno, why can music therapy approaches make unique contributions to the treatment of persons who have communication disoders?

p. 177

What therapeutic music experiences may be used to increase breath and muscle control?

According to the classroom lecture (not in text), what three-part instrumental progression did Lee Anna recommend for working with people with cleft palate?

In addition to developing oral motor musculature, what social problem does this 3-part instrumental progression target? ___________________ associated with difficulty with ______________________

p. 177 - 178

Describe the use of therapeutic music experiences to stimulate vocalization.

p. 178 - 179

Describe the use of therapeutic music experiences to develop receptive and expressive language skills.

p. 179 - 180

Describe the use of therapeutic music experiences to improve articulation skills.

p. 180

Describe the use of therapeutic music experiences to improve speech rate or fluency.

p. 181

Describe therapeutic music experiences to correct voice disorders.

p. 182

Describe the use of music therapy with individuals who have cleft palate.

Describe the use of music therapy for speech and language rehabilitation in individuals with aphasia.

From lecture on overview of music therapy (not in text):

    Physically describe how to begin the process of MIT.

    According to classroom lecture (not text), what cues are involved in MIT?

    According to classroom lecture (not text),

    describe engagement and then fading process used in MIT.

    According to classroom lecture (not text), what is the ultimate goal of MIT?

p. 183

Describe the rhythm and melody in speech therapy technique created by Rogers and Fleming.

p. 183 - 184

Describe other music-based techniques used to enhance communication abilities in person with aphasia and related disorders.

p. 184

Describe therapeutic music experiences using augmentative communication systems.

p. 184 - 185

Describe therapeutic music experiences used to increase self-confidence, emotional expression, and social interaction in individuals who have difficulty using speech for communication.

p. 185

Outline the section on special considerations and tips for success.