A Toxological Analysis of Mercury


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What is Biotransformation?

 

Bioactivation - A metabolic process wherein an inactive chemical is converted to an active one in the body.

 

How does methyl mercury metabolize in the body?

Methyl mercury may be metabolized to inorganic mercury by the liver and kidneys, with the inorganic form then entering an oxidation-reduction cycle in the red blood cells, lungs, and liver. Methyl mercury remaining in the gastrointestinal tract is converted to inorganic mercury by the intestinal flora.


Bioactivation of Methyl Mercury

Methyl Mercury (MeHg) is very stable in the body compared to other species of mercury. It is slowly demethylated to mercuric mercury (Hg) in tissue macrophages, intestinal flora, and the fetal liver. Although these sites of demethylation are known, the enzymes in mammalian tissues responsible for the biotransformation have not yet been identified. It is metabolized to ionic mercury at a rate of around 1% of the body burden per day. The mercuric Hg resides for long periods of time in the CNS, probably in an inert form.