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- Russian born Jew
- Synchronic approach to language based on study of Ferdinand de Saussure
- One of the founders of "Prague School"
- He worked in numerous countries and finally fled to New York because of WWII
- Collaborated with Claude Levi-Strauss (Structuralist, see Propp)
- Retired as a Professor from Harvard but still maintained his studies
- Focused on communication and formed 6 basic categories
- Referential
- Poetic
- Emotive
- Conative
- Phatic
- Metalingual
- Developed three principles of linguistics
- Linguistic typology
- Markedness
- Linguistic Universals
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